Journal of Digital Content Management

Journal of Digital Content Management

Designing the Innovation Roadmap of Digital Transformation, a Solution for the Learning Management Improvement

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Progress Engineering, Faculty of Management, Economics and Progress Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Purpose: The primary objectives of this research were to study and identify the key components and dimensions of digital transformation in Iran’s education, develop an innovation roadmap for the education system, and prioritize indicators based on available resources.

Methods: This research used a mixed method. In the qualitative phase, the meta-synthesis was employed, which resulted in the identification of 122 components. The Delphi method was utilized to assess and prioritize the importance of these components in 4 rounds. A questionnaire was distributed to gather insights from 12 experts. These experts were selected through a snowball sampling method, and in the quantitative phase, the results were analyzed using SPSS software.

Findings: The findings from the meta-synthesis section highlighted several key dimensions of digital transformation, including technology, infrastructure, culture, organization, economy, political and social institutions, as well as education—encompassing pedagogy, learning environments, educational content, and educational innovation. Additionally, the results from the Delphi study indicated that establishing clear policies and goals is the most crucial component for developing an innovative roadmap for the digital transformation of education. Other important priorities include fostering educational innovations, economic, cultural, and organizational areas, along with government support for artificial intelligence and data mining technologies to enable personalized education.

Conclusion: Key findings from this study reveal two crucial elements for impactful educational policies: First, robust digital transformation policies must be established at the Ministry of Education and extended to schools. Second, investing in innovations such as personalized learning and engaging digital content is vital for success.
Keywords
Subjects

Aladsani, H. (2024). Students’ experiences with and perceptions of distance learning through learner-generated comics. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 56(2), 196-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2022.2119451
Alenezi, M. (2023). Digital Learning and Digital Institution in Higher Education. Education Sciences, 13(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13010088
Annette, L. (2021). A digital learning future. Impact, 2021(3), 4-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.3.4
Aras, A., & Büyüközkan, G. (2023). Digital Transformation Journey Guidance: A Holistic Digital Maturity Model Based on a Systematic Literature Review. Systems, 11(4), 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11040213
Asadi, M., Rahimian, H., Taheri, M., & Taghva, M. R. (2022). Digital Transformation in the Iran’s Education System: Strategies, Platforms and Obstacles. Sociology of Education, 11(1), 299-312. https://www.iase-jrn.ir/index.php/se/article/view/537
Badakhshan, Marzieh. (2024). Analysis of the digital transformation process in the Iranian educational system. The first national conference on new approaches to education issues. https://civilica.com/doc/2244846
Baihaqy, A., & Subriadi, A. P. (2023). Development of Digital Transformation Maturity Measurements: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Nonformal Education, 9(1), 58-68. DOI:10.15294/jne.v9i1.41985
Bakhtiari, R., Seraji, F., Farrokhnia, M., Habibzadeh, Z., & Noroozi, O. (2024). Games in education: a systematic review of studies in international and Iranian contexts. Educational technology research and development, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-024-10426-1
Balaban, I., Redjep, N. B., & Calopa, M. K. (2018). The Analysis of Digital Maturity of Schools in Croatia. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i06.7844
Balyer, A., & Öz, Ö. (2018). Academicians' Views on Digital Transformation in Education. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 5(4), 809-830.
Begicevic Redjep, N., Balaban, I., & Zugec, B. (2021). Assessing digital maturity of schools: framework and instrument. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 30(5), 643-658. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2021.1944291
Benavides, L. M. C., Tamayo Arias, J. A., Arango Serna, M. D., Branch Bedoya, J. W., & Burgos, D. (2020). Digital transformation in higher education institutions: A systematic literature review. Sensors, 20(11), 3291. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113291
bin Nordin, M. N., Maidin, S. S., Rajoo, M., Mahmod, M., Jani, W. N. F. A., Yusoh, M. P., . . . Mosbiran, N. F. (2022). International Frameworks for 21st Century Competences: Comparative Education. resmilitaris, 12(2), 7332-7344.
Broo, D. G., Kaynak, O., & Sait, S. M. (2022). Rethinking engineering education at the age of industry 5.0. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 25, 100311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100311
Bygstad, B., Øvrelid, E., Ludvigsen, S., & Dæhlen, M. (2022). From dual digitalization to digital learning space: Exploring the digital transformation of higher education. Computers & Education, 182, 104463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104463
Ciancarini, P., Giancarlo, R., & Grimaudo, G. (2023). Digital Transformation in the Public Administrations: a Guided Tour For Computer Scientists. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.05551
Demartini, C. G., Benussi, L., Gatteschi, V., & Renga, F. (2020). Education and digital transformation: The “riconnessioni” project. IEEE Access, 8, 186233-186256. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3018189
Demchenko, M. V., Gulieva, M. E., Larina, T. V., & Simaeva, E. P. (2021). Digital Transformation of Legal Education: Problems, Risks and Prospects. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 10(2), 297-307. DOI: 10.13187/ejced.2021.2.297
Edelmann, N., Mergel, I., & Lampoltshammer, T. (2023). Competences that Foster digital transformation of public administrations: An Austrian case study. Administrative Sciences, 13(2), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020044
Elkordy, A., & Iovinelli, J. (2021). Competencies, culture, and change: A model for digital transformation in K-12 educational contexts. Digital transformation of learning organizations, 203-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55878-9_12
Engeness, I. (2018). Learning and Teaching with Digital Tools: Insights for Learning Arising from the Cultural-Historical Theory.
Farzin, F., & Jamebozorg, Z. (2025). From Policy to Practice in the Digital Transformation of Higher Education: A Comprehensive Roadmap Based on a Meta-Synthesis. Technology and Scholarship in Education, –. https://doi.org/10.30473/t-edu.2025.75341.1307
Fernandes, V., Matos, F., Oliveira, J., Neves, A., & Godina, R. (2023). Identifying strategic opportunities through the development of a roadmap for additive manufacturing: The example of Portugal. Heliyon, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19672
Fernández, A., Gómez, B., Binjaku, K., & Meçe, E. K. (2023). Digital transformation initiatives in higher education institutions: A multivocal literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11544-0
Firdaus, R. A., Intani, Y. D. C., Munandar, A., Romadhon, S., & Pasaribu, P. N. (2023). Factors Affecting the Readiness of the Dwiwarna High Schools for Industry 4.0. Manager, 6(3), 48-63.
Gerlakh, I., Galustov, A., Egizaryants, M., & Tvelova, I. (2022). Digital Transformation of Education: Comparative Analysis of Students and Their Parents’ Survey Results. Paper presented at the IX International Scientific and Practical Conference “Current Problems of Social and Labour Relations"(ISPC-CPSLR 2021). DOI:10.2991/assehr.k.220208.019
Giang, N. T. H., Hai, P. T. T., Tu, N. T. T., & Tan, P. X. (2021). Exploring the readiness for digital transformation in a higher education institution towards industrial revolution 4.0. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 11(2), 4-24. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v11i2.17515
GİLLPATRİCK, T. (2020). Innovation and the digital transformation of education. The Journal of Limitless Education and Research, 5(3), 194-201. https://doi.org/10.29250/sead.797372
Gkrimpizi, T., Peristeras, V., & Magnisalis, I. (2023). Classification of Barriers to Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions: Systematic Literature Review. Education Sciences, 13(7), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070746
Hamdani, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Digital Flashcards and Animation on Memorizing Arabic Vocabulary for High School Students in Ahvaz. Journal of Educational Innovations, 21(3), 185-202. https://doi: 10.22034/jei.2022.299257.2054
Hamidi, H., & Chavoshi, A. (2018). Analysis of the essential factors for the adoption of mobile learning in higher education: A case study of students of the University of Technology. Telematics and Informatics, 35(4), 1053-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.09.016
Hammer, M. (2020). Identifying antecedents to learning effectively with digital media: a student-centered approach. Universität Tübingen,
Hannan, S. A. (2023). Development of Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Computer Science & Computational Mathematics, 13(01), 1-8. DOI: 10.20967/jcscm.2023.01.001
Hassani, Fatima. (2023). The impact of digital technology on student learning. International conference on management, education and training researches in education. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1145659/fa
Heydari, A., Yazdani, H., Hakim, A., Matin, H. Z., & Babashahi, J. (2023). Provide aroadmap for digital transformation in the field of human resource with a Metasynthesis approach. Researches of Management Organizational Resources, 12(4), 97-118. http://ormr.modares.ac.ir/article-28-61483-en.html
Hidayatullah, A., & Csíkos, C. (2023). Association between psychological need satisfaction and online self-regulated learning. Asia Pacific Education Review, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-023-09910-9
Hul, S. (2022). Cambodia: Innovation-Driven EduTech Roadmap 2030. Paper presented at the 2022 14th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA). doi: 10.1109/SKIMA57145.2022.10029617
Kähkipuro, P. (2021). A new Digital Innovation Model for Higher Education after theCovid-19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the European Univer, 78, 1-8.
Kane, G. C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A. N., Kiron, D., & Buckley, N. (2015). Strategy, not technology, drives digital transformation. MIT Sloan Management Review.
Kaputa, V., Loučanová, E., & Tejerina-Gaite, F. A. (2022). Digital transformation in higher education institutions as a driver of social oriented innovations. Social innovation in higher education, 61, 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84044-0_4
Kassymova, G., Akhmetova, A., Baibekova, M., Kalniyazova, A., Mazhinov, B., & Mussina, S. (2020). E-Learning environments and problem-based learning. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(7), 346-356.
Keshmiri, S., & Moradi, S. (2021). Preparing to lead the digital transformation in schools. Journal of School administration, 9(2), 387-415. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.34785/J010.2021.024
Khanifar, H., & Ghofrani, A. (2021). The Digital Transformation in Teaching-Learning Process: The Student-teachers Digital Competence Assessment. Journal of Educational and Scholastic Studies, 9(24), 23-47. dor 20.1001.1.2423494.1399.9.3.2.4
Kirschner, P. A., & De Bruyckere, P. (2017). The myths of the digital native and the multitasker. Teaching and Teacher education, 67, 135-142.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.06.001
Kopp, M., Gröblinger, O., & Adams, S. (2019). Five common assumptions that prevent digital transformation at higher education institutions. Paper presented at the Inted2019 Proceedings. https://doi: 10.21125/inted.2019.0445
Kovalchuk, V. I., Maslich, S. V., Movchan, L. G., Soroka, V. V., Lytvynova, S. H., & Kuzminska, O. H. (2022). Digital transformation of vocational schools: problem analysis. Paper presented at the CTE Workshop Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.55056/cte.107
Kumar, J., Rani, M., Rani, G., & Rani, V. (2025). Unveiling employee readiness for artificial intelligence adoption: empirical insight from the perspective of the banking sector. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management. doi:10.1108/jstpm-08-2023-0130
Lempinen, S., et al., Digital Transformation and Discourses of Change Commodify Finnish Public Education. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 2024: p. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-024-00357-z
Lolic, T., Stefanovic, D., Dionisio, R., Dakic, D., & Havzi, S. (2022). Learning Environment Digital Transformation: Systematic Literature Review. Industrial Innovation in Digital Age, 87-94.https://DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/97
Lubis, M. S. A., Fatmawati, E., Pratiwi, E. Y. R., Sabtohadi, J., & Damayanto, A. (2022). Understanding curriculum transformation towards educational innovation in the era of all-digital technology. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 526-542. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v5i2.2110
Luić, L., Švelec-Juričić, D., Lasić-Lazić, J., & Šantalab, M. (2020). Planning, managing and leading the digital transformation of schools. Paper presented at the ICERI2020 Proceedings.
Mahdi, R., shafiee, m., & keykha, a. (2023). Scenarios and Patterns of Future Higher Education in the Horizon of 1410. Journal of Innovation and Enterpreneurship, 11(22), 119-132. http://journalie.ir/ar/Article/41056/FullText
Mahmoodi, A., Khamseh, A., & Shakib, M. H. (2023). The Model of Innovative Social Banking Based on Digital Transformation in Iran's Banking Industry. Transformation Managemet Journal, 14(2), 121-149. https://doi.org/10.22067/tmj.2023.79121.1358
Mahraz, M.-I., Benabbou, L., & Berrado, A. (2019). A systematic literature review of digital transformation. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the international conference on industrial engineering and operations management.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355865780_A_Systematic_literature_review_of_Digital_Transformation
Majchrzak, A., Markus, M. L., & Wareham, J. (2016). Designing for digital transformation. MIS quarterly, 40(2), 267-278.
McCarthy, A. M., Maor, D., McConney, A., & Cavanaugh, C. (2023). Digital transformation in education: Critical components for leaders of system change. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100479
McNaughton, S. and R. Jesson, How a digital intervention in schools contributed to students’ social and emotional skills, and impacted writing. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 2023. 58(2): p. 361-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-023-00296-1
Modaresi, Y., Naghavi, M. S., Roodsaz, H., & Vanani, I. R. (2023). Designing a Conceptual Framework for the Soft Components of Digital Transformation Using Thematic Analysis. Journal of Human Resources management, 13(47), 57-88. https://doi:10.22034/JHRS.2023.172970
Mohamed Hashim, M. A., Tlemsani, I., & Duncan Matthews, R. (2022). A sustainable university: Digital transformation and beyond. Education and Information Technologies, 27(7), 8961-8996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10968-y
Mohamed Hashim, M. A., Tlemsani, I., & Matthews, R. (2021). Higher education strategy in digital transformation. Education and Information Technologies, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10739-1
Montazer, G. A., & Gashool Darehsibi, T. (2020). E-Learning; Technological Transformation in Education. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 12(1), 15-36. DOI: 10.22034/jstp.2020.12.1.1135
Montazer .Gh ,Zarrin .F.(2019).  fficacy-self s’learner on based environment Learning-e Personalizing. Technology of Education Journal. 13(4), 868-880. https://doi.org/10.22061/jte.2018.3137.1911
Mostafayi, b., Emari, H., Beigzadeh, y., & Beikzad, j. (2024). Developing Digital Transformation Strategies in Universities: University of Tabriz Case Study. Journal of Knowledge-Research Studies, 3(2), 31–52. https://doi.org/10.22034/jkrs.2024.61570.1083
Nachit, M., & Okar, C. (2020). Digital transformation of human resources management: A roadmap. Paper presented at the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Technology Management, Operations and Decisions (ICTMOD). https://DOI: 10.1109/ICTMOD49425.2020.9380608
Najafi, H., Ghobadian, M., & Pour Hosseini, E. (2023). Providing Smart Model of Professional Skills Development of Secondary Education in Tehran. International Journal of Digital Content Management, 4(6), 311-333. https://dcm.atu.ac.ir/article_15066.html
Muankaew, N., & Levermore, R. (2025). Digital transformation in Thailand: transformation trends and challenges from complementary resources in pre-digital organizations. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management. doi:10.1108/jstpm-07-2024-0289
Neupane, S. M., & Bhattarai, P. C. (2024). Constructing the scale to measure entrepreneurial traits by using the modified delphi method. Heliyon, 10(7). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon. 2024.e28410
Nouri, M., Shahhoseini, m., zanjani, M. S., & Abedin, B. (2020). Designing A Conceptual Framework for Leading Digital Transformation in Iranian Companies. Journal of Management and Planning in Educational Systems, 12(23), 211-242. https://doi: 10.29252/MPES.12.2.211
Oliveira, K. K. d. S., & de SOUZA, R. A. (2022). Digital transformation towards education 4.0. Informatics in Education, 21(2), 283-309. https://DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2022.13
Onesi-Ozigagun, O., Ololade, Y. J., Eyo-Udo, N. L., & Ogundipe, D. O. (2024). Leading digital transformation in non-digital sectors: a strategic review. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(4), 1157-1175. www.fepbl.com/index.php/ijmer
Pata, K., Tammets, K., Väljataga, T., Kori, K., Laanpere, M., & Rõbtsenkov, R. (2022). The Patterns of School Improvement in Digitally Innovative Schools. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 27(3), 823-841. https://doi:10.1007/s10758-021-09514-5
Peng, Y., & Wang, X. (2022). Online education of a music flipped classroom based on artificial intelligence and wireless network. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9809296
Pihir, I., Tomičić-Pupek, K., & Furjan, M. T. (2018). Digital transformation insights and trends. Paper presented at the Central European Conference on Information and Intelligent Systems.
Prem, E., Hardman, L., Werthner, H., & Timmers, P. (2022). Research, Innovation, and Education Roadmap for Digital Humanism. Vienna, Austria: The Digital Humanism Initiative. Humanism Initiative. https://doi.org/10.34726/3801
Privalov, A. N., & Bogatyreva, Y. I. (2022). Pedagogical Aspects of the Ecosystem Approach to Professional Training of Staff for the Digital Transformation of the Region. Paper presented at the International Scientific and Practical Conference Strategy of Development of Regional Ecosystems “Education-ScienceIndustry” (ISPCR 2021). https://doi: 10.2991/aebmr.k.220208.055
Qayyum, A. (2023). Assessing the Digital Transformation of Education Systems. Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 249. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_14
Quaicoe, J., Ogunyemi, A., & Bauters, M. (2023). School-Based Digital Innovation Challenges and Way Forward Conversations about Digital Transformation in Education. Education Sciences, 13, 344. https://doi:10.3390/educsci13040344
R. S. Friedman and F. P. Deek, I. a. e. i. t. d. a. r. t. r. o. p., technology, and the business of learning," in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 403-412, Nov. 2003, https://doi: 10.1109/TEM.2003.819650.
Rauseo, M., Harder, A., Glassey-Previdoli, D., Cattaneo, A., Schumann, S., & Imboden, S. (2023). Same, but Different? Digital Transformation in Swiss Vocational Schools from the Perspectives of School Management and Teachers. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 28(1), 407-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-022-09631-9
Reis, J., & Melão, N. (2023). Digital transformation: A meta-review and guidelines for future research. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12834
Remencová, T., & Sedláčková, A. N. (2021). Modernization of digital technologies at regional airports and its potential impact on the cost reduction. Transportation Research Procedia, 55, 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.06.003
Rodríguez-Abitia, G., & Bribiesca-Correa, G. (2021). Assessing digital transformation in universities. Future Internet, 13(2), 52. doi.org/10.3390/fi13020052
Røe, Y., Wojniusz, S., & Bjerke, A. H. (2022). The digital transformation of higher education teaching: Four pedagogical prescriptions to move active learning pedagogy forward. Paper presented at the Frontiers in Education.
Rof, A., Bikfalvi, A., & Marquès, P. (2020). Digital transformation for business model innovation in higher education: Overcoming the tensions. Sustainability, 12(12), 4980. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124980
Rof, A., Bikfalvi, A., & Marques, P. (2022). Pandemic-accelerated digital transformationof a born digital higher education institution. Educational Technology & Society, 25(1), 124-141. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48647035
Ruloff, M., & Petko, D. (2022). School principals’ educational goals and leadership styles for digital transformation: results from case studies in upper secondary schools. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2021.2014979
Sahraei, F. (2023). Analyzing the Comprehensive Electronic Government Document of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Perspective of Digital Government and Data Governance Indicators. DOI: 10.22054/TSSQ.2023.74022.1419
Schaller, A., & Vatananan-Thesenvitz, R. (2022). Business model innovation roadmap (BMI-R): Insights from an action research in a German SME. Engineering Transactions: A Research Publication of Mahanakorn University of Technology, 25(1), 1-17.
Sepúlveda, A. (2020). The digital transformation of education: connecting schools,empowering learners. TIC EDUCAÇÃO, 249.
Shamizanjani, M., Shirmohammadi, M., Bazyar, M., Mokhtarzadeh, N., Rahimian, M., Nabiyi, F., . . . Aliabadi, M. (2020). Digital Iran- National Roadmap Executive Summary 2020-2025. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.23344.99840
Shenkoya, T., & Kim, E. (2023). Sustainability in higher education: digital transformation of the fourth industrial revolution and its impact on open knowledge. Sustainability, 15(3), 2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032473
Shirazi, M., Yazdani, H. R., & Matin, H. Z. (2021). Provide a roadmap for deployment the organizational culture required for Digital transformation with a Meta-synthesis approach. Organizationa Behavior Studies Quarterly, 10(3), 1-22. dor 20.1001.1.23221518.1400.10.3.1.0
Sinaee, s. a., & mashhadi, s. m. (2022). Sociological analysis of the effect of cyberspace on students' academic achievement. Journal of Innovation and Enterpreneurship, 10(20), 95-105. https://www.magiran.com/p2447024  
Soleimani Nezhad, A., Doroudi, F., & Ghorbani, F. (2025). Feasibility Study of Using Digital Scientific Resources and Virtual Education Using Augmented Reality in the Educational Program of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. International Journal of Digital Content Management, 6(10), 69-90. doi:10.22054/dcm.2023.70811.1165
Sosa-Alonso, J. J., Hernández Rivero, V. M., Sanabria Mesa, A. L., & Bethencourt Aguilar, A. (2025). Adoption of digital educational resources by early childhood education teachers: A fad or a conviction? Computers & Education, 238, 105396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105396
Tátrai, F. S., András (2021). School Innovation Roadmap.
Tavakoli Rad, Reza; Zargran Khozani, Fatemeh. (2022). Successful organizational digital transformation model. 6th international conference of interdisciplinary studies in management and engineering, University of Tehran, 26 Bahman 2022. https://www.sid.ir/paper/1032378/en
Trevisan, L. V., Eustachio, J. H. P. P., Dias, B. G., Filho, W. L., & Pedrozo, E. Á. (2023). Digital transformation towards sustainability in higher education: state-of-the-art and future research insights. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02874-7
Ta'yid, M., Nazarzāde Zāre, M., & Khākpoor, A. (2023). The impact of digital leadership style on teachers' digital teaching with the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Educational Innovations, 22(1), 147-163. doi: 10.22034/jei.2023.364006.2466
Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., . . . Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools' digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 28(6), 6695-6726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
Tondeur, J., Howard, S., Van Zanten, M., Gorissen, P., Van der Neut, I., Uerz, D., & Kral, M. (2023). The HeDiCom framework: Higher Education teachers’ digital competencies for the future. Educational technology research and development, 71(1), 33-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10193-5
van der Vlies, R. (2020). Digital strategies in education across OECD countries: Exploring education policies on digital technologies. https://doi.org/10.1787/33dd4c26-en
Vindača, O., Ļubkina, V., Žogla, I., & Prudņikova, I. (2020). Effective digital transformation in the context of higher education. Paper presented at the EDULEARN20 Proceedings. doi: 10.21125/edulearn.2020.0354
Visvizi, A., Troisi, O., & Grimaldi, M. (2023). Exploring the drivers for digital transformation in smart education: An ecosystems approach. ITM Web Conf., 51, 01003. https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20235101003
Voronin, D., Saienko, V., & Tolchieva, H. (2020). Digital transformation of pedagogical education at the university. Paper presented at the International Scientific Conference “Digitalization of Education: History, Trends and Prospects” (DETP 2020). DOI: 10.2991/assehr.k.200509.135
Wang, D., & Shao, X. (2024). Research on the impact of digital transformation on the production efficiency of manufacturing enterprises: Institution-based analysis of the threshold effect. International Review of Economics & Finance, 91, 883-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2024.01.046
Wang, H., & Li, B. (2023). Research on the Synergic Influences of Digital Capabilities and Technological Capabilities on Digital Innovation. Sustainability, 15(3), 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032607
Warg, M., Frosch, M., Weiss, P., & Zolnowski, A. (2023). Service innovation roadmaps as benchmarks for organizational learning. Paper presented at the ITM Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20235104001
Westerman, G., Bonnet, D., & McAfee, A. (2014). The nine elements of digital transformation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 55(3), 1-6.
Yang, L., García-Holgado, A., & Martínez-Abad, F. (2023). Digital competence of K-12 pre-service and in-service teachers in China: A systematic literature review. Asia Pacific Education Review, 24(4), 679-693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-023-09888-4
Yang, Z. (2023). Digital Transformation to Advance High-Quality Development of Higher Education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE), 15(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.18785/jetde.1502.02
Yehya, F. M. (2021). Promising Digital Schools: An Essential Need for an Educational Revolution. Pedagogical Research, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/11061
Yuan, Y.-P., Dwivedi, Y. K., Tan, G. W.-H., Cham, T.-H., Ooi, K.-B., Aw, E. C.-X., & Currie, W. (2023). Government digital transformation: understanding the role of government social media. Government Information Quarterly, 40(1), 101775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101775
Yuan, Y. (2022). Quantitative analysis of Chinese classroom teaching activity under the background of artificial intelligence. Education and Information Technologies, 27(8), 11161-11177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11080-x
Zahedi, AmirEhsan, Mirghafoori, Habiboollah, S., & Morovvati Sharifabadi , Ali. (2018). Mapping the integrated map for development of the innovation and commercialization level of Iran's knowledge-based companies: using strategic options development and analysis. Jouranal of Technology Development Management, Quarterly, 5(4), 79-104. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/260235/en
Zhao, J., & Liu, X.-y. (2024). ICT, Supply Chain Digital Integration Capability, and Firm Financial Performance: The Antagonistic Effects of Perceived Government Support and Cognitive Constraints on Digital Transformation. SAGE Open, 14(2), 21582440241241887.
Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Xiao, Y., Chang, H., & Liu, B. (2024). Factors Influencing the Acceptance of ChatGPT in High Education: An Integrated Model With PLS-SEM and fsQCA Approach. SAGE Open, 14(4), 21582440241289835. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241289835
Zhu, C. (2015). Organisational culture and technology-enhanced innovation in higher education. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 24(1), 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2013.822414
Zhu, X., Ge, S., & Wang, N. (2021). Digital transformation: A systematic literature review. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 162, 107774.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107774

  • Receive Date 05 September 2025
  • Revise Date 29 May 2026
  • Accept Date 31 May 2026