The Impact of ChatGPT on Higher Education: A Systematic Review

Mahmoodi, Hamid Reza; Hasanzadeh, Mohammad; Razmerita, Liana

doi:10.22054/dcm.2025.84267.1262

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Ph.D. Candidate of Knowledge and Information Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

² Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

³ Ph.D., Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg and Copenhagen, Denmark

https://doi.org/10.22054/dcm.2025.84267.1262

Abstract

Purpose: This study systematically reviews the advantages and disadvantages of using ChatGPT in higher education.
Method: This systematic review adheres to PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted using the terms "ChatGPT" and "chatbot" for the years 2021–2024 in Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Web of Science, and PubMed via Publish or Perish (version 8). A total of 365 records were retrieved, and after screening, 35 relevant studies were included.
Findings: The analysis indicate that 66% of the reviewed studies highlighted the benefits of ChatGPT in higher education, including enhancements in cognitive and learning skills, support for research and writing, improvements in language and communication, and automation of certain tasks to increase efficiency. Additionally, advantages such as 24/7 availability, quick responses, topic diversity, privacy, and easy access to past interactions were noted. Among the advantages that received the most attention are optimization of academic training, enhancement of cognitive and learning skills, and assistance in the research and development process. However, 75% of the studies discussed disadvantages, including concerns about plagiarism, ethical issues, negative perceptions, lack of audiovisual communication, absence of human interaction, technical limitations, and restricted multi-dimensional engagement. Among the most prominent disadvantages are ethical concerns, plagiarism, and lack of uniformity in responses.
Conclusion: While ChatGPT offers significant benefits in education, its limitations require careful consideration to ensure responsible and effective use. Specifically, to address these disadvantages, practical measures such as the development of policies and ethical guidelines should be implemented to ensure responsible and optimal use of this technology in education.

Keywords

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International Journal of Digital Content Management

The Impact of ChatGPT on Higher Education: A Systematic Review

References

References

Volume 7, Issue 12
January 2026
Pages 146-179

The Impact of ChatGPT on Higher Education: A Systematic Review

References

References

Volume 7, Issue 12January 2026Pages 146-179

Volume 7, Issue 12
January 2026
Pages 146-179